Stereograph of the Indian guard at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida where a group of Southern Plains Indians were confined in the mid-1870s. Under the approach of prison administrator Captain Richard H. Pratt the prisoners took turns as uniformed guards in their own prison. Wearing a uniform allowed the prisoners to feel accepted as soldiers, which helped them maintain their personal status as warriors. Among the group pictured here is Little Chief (Cheyenne) and Zotom (Kiowa), who was one of the Fort Marion ledger artists.

Studio portrait of Yuma Indian runner Chnmisconec by noted San Francisco photographer Thomas Houseworth. It was the custom of the Colorado Steam Navigation Company agent at Yuma, Arizona, when the river steamer was two days into its three-day trip, to dispatch a message to the agent at Port Ysabel, at the head of the Gulf of California. This message was given to a Yuma Indian, who carried the message afoot across the desert a distance of ninety miles, reaching his destination the same day the river steamer was due to arrive, but invariably in advance of the boat. The Indian always covered the distance between sunrise and sunset, performing the same feat on his return. Why these messages were sent by runner when the boat would arrive shortly is unclear.

Indian school graduation photograph, probably from Great Falls, Montana, but the specific school is unknown. Anecdotal evidence obtained along with the photograph indicates that the African American/Cheyenne man in the front row is named Paul Goings and he would eventually marry Nettie (upper right corner) who is Cheyenne. The significance of the uniform worn by Paul Goings is unclear.